Types and Characteristics of Pain

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Pain is an unpleasant feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, and bumping the "funny bone".

The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely used definition states: "Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage."

Types of Pain is divided into:


1. Based on the duration or length:

Acute Pain

1. Acute pain of short duration, usually less than 6 months and include tissue damage that cause can be identified.

2. In connection with the process of inflammation caused by trauma, surgery, or acute illness, infection, fracture, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, treatment procedures.

3. The nature of pain is clear and likely to be lost / recovered.
  • Intended as a warning sign.
  • Occurs after injury to the body.
  • Disappear after a while.
  • Can be accompanied by objective signs of autonomic nervous system activity.
  • Usually has a single cause and can be seen.
  • The degree and intensity of 'reasonable' by injury or disease process that just happened.
  • Anxiety often occurs.
4. Arising from direct excitatory stimulus noksius, eg mechanical, inflammatory.

5. In generally temporary, ie until the healing.

6. Areas of pain can be identified. The pain rapidly diminished.


Chronic Pain

1. Experience constant pain / continuous for more than 6 months.

2. The intensity of pain is difficult to be lowered. Chronic pain develops when the healing process is not complete or when the presence of permanent damage to the nerve system.

3. Nature is less obvious and less likely to recover / lost.
  • Does not have a purpose.
  • Deteriorated / worsen with the passage of time.
  • Often accompanied by symptoms of sympathetic nervous system.
  • The degree and intensity unreasonable.
  • Usually have more than one cause.
  • Frequent frustration and depression.
4. The pain is usually increased.

5. Categorized as:
Malignant chronic pain: If the pain associated with cancer or other progressive diseases.
Non-malignant chronic pain: If pain due to non-progressive tissue damage and who have experienced healing.

6. Areas of pain is not easily identified.



2. Based on the intensity
  • Mild pain
  • Moderate pain
  • Severe pain

To measure the intensity of pain that one feels, can be used with tools that pain scale.

0: No Pain
1-3: Mild Pain (Nagging, annoying, interfering little with ADLs)
4-6: Moderate Pain (interferes Significantly with ADLs)
7-10: Severe Pain (disabling; Unable to perform ADLs)



3. Based on the transmission

a. Pain Radiating
Occurs in a broad field, occurs in structures that are formed from the same embryonic dermatome.
b. Reffered Pain
Pain that moves from one region to another


4. Based on the cause
  • According to cause, pain is divided into:
  • Thermal: Due to the extreme temperature difference
  • Chemical: Caused by materials / chemicals
  • Mechanical: Caused by mechanical trauma
  • Electrical: Caused by electricity
  • Psychogenic: Pain without known of the physical, psychological
  • Neurologic: Caused by damage to nerve tissue

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