Pain Nursing Diagnosis

Nursing Care plan for Cholelithiasis Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstone disease. Gallstones are concretions that form in the biliary tract, usually in the gallbladder. Increased frequency of cholelithiasis is seen in women over the age of 40 years and in those with prior or current pregnancy, estrogen use, diabetes, prolonged fasting (eg, in total parenteral nutrition [TPN] patients), rapid weight loss, hemolysis, or cirrhosis. Symptomatic gallstone disease is treated with cholecystectomy (preferred treatment). In cases where surgery is not desired cholecystostomy may be considered. Dissolution of gallstones with medication, lithotripsy, and other techniques are generally futile. Causes and risk factors Cholesterol stones: Age over 40 years Female gender Parity Estrogen therapy Rapid weight loss High-calorie diet Sedentary lifestyle Diabetes mellitus type 2 Dyslipidemia (increased LDL cholesterol level) TNP Gastric bypass surgery Octreotide therap...